Impeachment isn't only for presidents. How does the process work for Cabinet secretaries?

The US impeachment process applies to various government officials, including Cabinet secretaries, as outlined in Article II, Section 4. This provision grants Congress the authority to impeach and remove federal officials. The process involves the House of Representatives and the Senate. Cabinet secretaries are considered civil Officers of the United States.

Impeachment cases originate in the House, where allegations are investigated and a resolution is introduced. A simple majority vote in the House is required to impeach, after which the Senate holds a trial. The Senate trial requires a two-thirds vote for conviction, a higher threshold than the House. The process is not strictly defined.

Historically, impeachment has addressed abuses of power and breaches of public trust. Notable cases include William W. Belknap and Alejandro Mayorkas, who were both impeached as Cabinet secretaries. Belknap resigned before the House vote, while Mayorkas was acquitted by the Senate and continued to serve until President Joe Biden left office.